Which normalization form eliminates repeating groups?

Which normalization form eliminates repeating groups?

• A. 1NF
• B. 2NF
• C. 3NF
• D. BCNF

Answer: (A)

Atomicity in table design is the key idea. First Normal Form requires that every field holds only one value and that each row represents a single instance of the entity. Repeating groups—multiple values stored in one field for a single row—violate this atomicity, so they prevent a design from being in 1NF. The fix is to separate the repeating data into its own related structure, such as moving items from a single order row into separate related rows (or a separate OrderItems table) linked by a foreign key. Once atomic values are achieved, the data can progress to higher normal forms, which focus on dependencies rather than repeating groups. So eliminating repeating groups is achieved by First Normal Form.

Atomicity in table design is the key idea. First Normal Form requires that every field holds only one value and that each row represents a single instance of the entity. Repeating groups—multiple values stored in one field for a single row—violate this atomicity, so they prevent a design from being in 1NF. The fix is to separate the repeating data into its own related structure, such as moving items from a single order row into separate related rows (or a separate OrderItems table) linked by a foreign key. Once atomic values are achieved, the data can progress to higher normal forms, which focus on dependencies rather than repeating groups. So eliminating repeating groups is achieved by First Normal Form.